Creation and qualification of scale-down models are essential for performing several critical activities that support process validation and commercial manufacturing. As shown in Figure 1, these ...

Fermentation is one of the oldest biotechnologies, yet it’s now driving some of the most cutting-edge innovations in health, nutrition, and sustainability. From therapeutic enzymes and precision ...

Biological and analytical advances enable modern fermentation processes to deliver safe and effective next-generation medicines. The pharmaceutical industry is no stranger to fermentation. Synthetic ...

The utilization of online process analytical technology (PAT) has become a high-profile endeavor in the biotechnology industry in recent years. Since the early 1980s, many fermentation scientists have ...