Closed-loop control systems are sometimes shipped from the factory with resonances and other operational difficulties that aren't supposed to be part of the package and are not well understood.
In a new episode of Elektor Engineering Insights, Elektor contributor Roberto Armani demonstrates practical methods for audio ...
The first installment of this article series discussed the need to verify SPICE model accuracy and how to measure the open- and closed-loop small-signal AC output impedance of operational amplifier ...
Measuring a system's gain and phase vs frequency need not be time-consuming; an FFT calculation based on the system's response to a single impulse provides the same information. Although some DSOs ...
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