Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways represent a fundamental means by which cells translate extracellular stimuli into a wide array of intracellular responses, including ...

The C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) signalling pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular responses to stress and damage. As a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, JNK ...

Plants, insects and mammals have a conserved innate immune system that is the first inducible defense against infectious disease, but the exact nature of the signaling molecules in this system remains ...

(MEMPHIS, Tenn. – November 6, 2025) The enzyme RNA polymerase II transcribes genes into messenger RNA. This process is guided by modifications to the enzyme’s “tail” called phosphorylation patterns.

NOTE. P < .00357 represents statistical significance after the Bonferroni correction. Abbreviations: MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NA, unable to be calculated; NR, not reached; OS, overall ...