Laser Raman spectroscopy parameters of pure organic matter (e.g., vitrinite, solid bitumen) in sedimentary rocks have been widely applied for maturity determination, but there is a lack of relevant ...

OreXpress offers a geologist the opportunity to scan and identify bitumen content in oil sands quickly and with no sample prep. Deposits are not homogeneous but include variability in clay, bitumen, ...

• Leaf optical properties impact leaf energy balance and thus leaf temperature. The effect of leaf development on mid-infrared (MIR) reflectance, and hence thermal emissivity, has not been ...

An established tool for the authentication and conservation of fine art paintings, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) typically requires the removal of small sample sections for analysis.